| Famous practitioners | Sebastien Foucan, Daniel Ilabaca, Ryan Doyle, Tim Shieff, Damien Walters, Luci Romberg |
|---|---|
| Ancestor arts | Parkour, Asian martial arts |
| Olympic sport | Not currently; IOC discussions underway[1] |
Free Running (Freerun) is a way of expression by interacting with various obstacles and environment. Freerunning may include flipping and spinning. These movements are usually adopted from other sports, such as gymnastics, tricking or breakdancing. Freerunners can create their own moves, flows and lines in different landscapes. It is all about becoming creative in an objective environment. Practitioners of freerunning usually do parkour as well. Freerunning is often associated with parkour by adding acrobatic and stylish moves, showcasing the art of movement. Freerunning was founded by Sebastien Foucan, who discussed the subject in Jump London in 2003.
Foucan developed freerunning as a more inclusive form of parkour.[2] Parkour's efficient military style obstacle coursetraining lends itself to martial art as a means of weapons avoidance and efficiently closing a distance to an opponent. Freerunning is derived from parkour, but it emphasizes not efficiency but artistry, allowing room for fancy flips and stylistic acrobatics.
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Etymology[edit]
Game with hole cards game. The word 'freerunning' was first used in the documentary, Jump London. The name came about because of a suggestion by Guillaume Pelletier (Origin of the FreeRunning), who was working with the group of practitioners at this time. In the documentary, freerunning was defined as an English translation of parkour.[3]
| Look up freerunning in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Freerunning. |
Philosophy[edit]
The central principle of freerunning is that one should express oneself by moving fluidly in one's environment; there are no limitations on the form of this movement.[4] Foucan expands on a number of basic principles of the sport in his book, Freerunning.[4] Other practitioners have suggested other principles. For example, Daniel Ilabaca encourages people to think positively, suggesting that practitioners of freerunning will sometimes fall—largely because they think they might.[5] Bonza codes.
History[edit]
Origins in parkour[edit]
In Western Europe, the idea of moving past obstacles for personal development or sport originated with Georges Hébert.[6] He observed untrained native tribes in Africa with fantastic athletic ability and created the 'natural method' system to train people using the same ideas. His ideas eventually led to the parcours du combattant ('obstacle course', literally 'assault course'), which is now a standard of military training.[7]
| Wikiversity has learning resources about Parkour and Freerunning |
These ideas were picked up by a young Raymond Belle, who used them to practical effect while separated from his family during the First Indochina War. When he moved to France and started a family, he passed on these ideas to his son, David. 30 years later, other young people were attracted to these ideas and a small group formed, the Yamakasi, which included Foucan.[6][8] This group trained together for several years and in 1997, through David Belle's brother, Jean-Francois, they started to attract attention and be invited to perform at events. The Yamakasi eventually split apart, though, because some members sought to find more individual expressions of the discipline.[9][10]
Meanwhile, action star Jackie Chan had also been heavily featuring the same concepts in most of his films ever since the early 1980s from the other side of the globe.[11] Yamakasi cited him as an influence on parkour. Mecca bingo 2 for 18. They drew influence from Asian culture and Asian martial arts, notably the acrobatic antics of Jackie Chan in his Hong Kong action films,[12][13] as well as the philosophy of Bruce Lee.[14]
Further development[edit]
Foucan wanted to create a discipline that was more personal to the individual than parkour and more easily adapted to suit each person's individual goals.[4] His idea was similar to that of Bruce Lee's creation of Jeet Kune Do. Foucan wanted to take everything that he had found useful and that he liked from his parkour experiences and combine it into one sport.[15]
Foucan's early ideas were first spread through the Jump London documentary (2003) and its sequel, Jump Britain (2005). Foucan has appeared in other productions, such as Casino Royale and Madonna's Confessions Tour.[9] With each appearance both the discipline and Foucan himself increased in fame.[4]
International[edit]
In 2014, the BBC traveled to J&KKashmir[16] to highlight the youth partaking in freerunning as a form of freedom of expression.
Injuries and deaths[edit]
- 2013 - Russia - A person attempted a backflip on the ledge of a roof of a 16 story building, but when attempting to land on the ledge, fell from the building and died.[17][18]
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Freerunning. |
Philosophy[edit]
The central principle of freerunning is that one should express oneself by moving fluidly in one's environment; there are no limitations on the form of this movement.[4] Foucan expands on a number of basic principles of the sport in his book, Freerunning.[4] Other practitioners have suggested other principles. For example, Daniel Ilabaca encourages people to think positively, suggesting that practitioners of freerunning will sometimes fall—largely because they think they might.[5] Bonza codes.
History[edit]
Origins in parkour[edit]
In Western Europe, the idea of moving past obstacles for personal development or sport originated with Georges Hébert.[6] He observed untrained native tribes in Africa with fantastic athletic ability and created the 'natural method' system to train people using the same ideas. His ideas eventually led to the parcours du combattant ('obstacle course', literally 'assault course'), which is now a standard of military training.[7]
| Wikiversity has learning resources about Parkour and Freerunning |
These ideas were picked up by a young Raymond Belle, who used them to practical effect while separated from his family during the First Indochina War. When he moved to France and started a family, he passed on these ideas to his son, David. 30 years later, other young people were attracted to these ideas and a small group formed, the Yamakasi, which included Foucan.[6][8] This group trained together for several years and in 1997, through David Belle's brother, Jean-Francois, they started to attract attention and be invited to perform at events. The Yamakasi eventually split apart, though, because some members sought to find more individual expressions of the discipline.[9][10]
Meanwhile, action star Jackie Chan had also been heavily featuring the same concepts in most of his films ever since the early 1980s from the other side of the globe.[11] Yamakasi cited him as an influence on parkour. Mecca bingo 2 for 18. They drew influence from Asian culture and Asian martial arts, notably the acrobatic antics of Jackie Chan in his Hong Kong action films,[12][13] as well as the philosophy of Bruce Lee.[14]
Further development[edit]
Foucan wanted to create a discipline that was more personal to the individual than parkour and more easily adapted to suit each person's individual goals.[4] His idea was similar to that of Bruce Lee's creation of Jeet Kune Do. Foucan wanted to take everything that he had found useful and that he liked from his parkour experiences and combine it into one sport.[15]
Foucan's early ideas were first spread through the Jump London documentary (2003) and its sequel, Jump Britain (2005). Foucan has appeared in other productions, such as Casino Royale and Madonna's Confessions Tour.[9] With each appearance both the discipline and Foucan himself increased in fame.[4]
International[edit]
In 2014, the BBC traveled to J&KKashmir[16] to highlight the youth partaking in freerunning as a form of freedom of expression.
Injuries and deaths[edit]
- 2013 - Russia - A person attempted a backflip on the ledge of a roof of a 16 story building, but when attempting to land on the ledge, fell from the building and died.[17][18]
- 16 August 2019 - Russia - It was reported that a person was 'engaged in parkour on the roof' of a 9 story building and during a jump, fell off the roof and died from the fall.[19][20]
See also[edit]
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References[edit]
- ^'PARKOUR – A YOUNG SPORT WITH OLYMPIC AMBITIONS'. European Olympic Committees.
- ^'What is Parkour?'. World Freerunning Parkour Federation. 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
- ^Note: Foucan has since said that the confusion regarding the roots of the term came out of the fact that he was still formulating his ideas at the time of the filming.
- ^ abcdFoucan, Sebastien (2008). Freerunning. U.K.: Michael O'Mara Books. p. 8. ISBN978-1-56975-652-2. ASIN1843173301.
- ^Declan Saldana (27 January 2012). 'Parkour Legends: Daniel Ilabaca, Tim Shieff and Oleg Vorslov'. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
- ^ abEdwardes, Dan (22 August 2014). 'Parkour History'. ParkourGenerations.com. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ^'George Hébert and the Natural Method of Physical Culture'. Archived from the original on 23 March 2005. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
- ^Belle, David (2009). Parkour. Intervista. pp. 31–70. ISBN978-2-35756-025-3.
- ^ abAngel, Julie (2011). Ciné Parkour. pp. 17–20. ISBN978-0-9569717-1-5.
- ^Belle, David (2009). Parkour. Intervista. pp. 71–79. ISBN978-2-35756-025-3.
- ^'Jackie Chan's Special Style Of Parkour'. Parkour and Freerunning Online: Your source of Parkour and Freerunning videos. November 5, 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
- ^Stratford, Elaine (2014). Geographies, Mobilities, and Rhythms over the Life-Course: Adventures in the Interval. Routledge. p. 79. ISBN9781135117429.
- ^Hunt, Leon; Wing-Fai, Leung (2010). East Asian Cinemas: Exploring Transnational Connections on Film. I.B. Tauris. ISBN9780857712271.
- ^'Parkour History'. Parkour Generations. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
- ^Knol, Enzo (28 October 2012). 'Enzo Knol – Find your way – London Real'. London Real (Interview). London. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
- ^'Kashmir Freerunning Finding Freedom in the Art of Parkour'. BBC. 7 December 2014.
- ^'Tracer died in St. Petersburg performing a somersault on the roof'. Fontanka. 6 July 2013. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
- ^Lutchenkova, Anna (7 July 2013). 'Photo of a parkour falling from a roof posted on a social network'. Metro news. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
- ^'13-year-old boy fell from the roof of a nine-story building'. gorod48. 16 August 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
- ^'13-year-old boy fell from the roof of a nine-story building in Yelets and died'. ugpressa.ru. 17 August 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
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